2002  Ph.D, Dept. of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA (under USC grant).

1990  MSc, Dept. of Family Relations and Child Development, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA (under Fulbright grant).

1985  Sarjana, Dept. of Psychology, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia.

1984  Non-Degree, Dept. of Social Studies, Ware College, England.